Identification of
the Prophesied Imam Mahdi
The Holy Prophet Muhammad(SAW)
has prophesied about several events that will occur just before the
advent of the day of judgment. Among these, Rasulullah(SAW)
has foretold the advent of one of his descendants, Al Mahdi (the
guided one), which will materialize when the believers are severely
oppressed in every corner of the world. He will fight the
oppressors, unite the Muslims, bring peace and justice to the world,
rule over the Arabs, and lead a prayer in Mekkah at which
Isa(pbuh)
(Jesus) will be present.
Throughout the history of Islam, a few individuals -- driven
either by the desperate state of Muslims in their community or a
selfish pursuit of power and prestige -- laid claim to being Mahdi
and found a following among the uninformed masses who were looking
for salvation from the heavens. For some of these individuals
(like Bab of Iran or Mirza Ghulam of India) the claim to being Mahdi
was just a stepping stone to the development of heretic sects which
broke away from the fold of Islam. Thus, it is at least
prudent to visit the facts of this prophecy and avoid falling
pray to false claimants that will appear from time to time.
As Muslims, we should remember that the prophecy about Mahdi is
one that will come to pass. This prophecy, however, does not absolve
the Muslim ummah from its duty to strive in the cause of Allah(SWT),
oppose injustice, and seek peace and betterment of human condition.
Centuries have passes from the time of the holy
Prophet(SAW) and there is a
good possibility that many more will expire before the advent of Al
Mahdi. Muslims who are negligent in their duty hoping for a
savior are committing a grave mistake and are not following the
divine decrees ordained in Quran or taught by
Rasulullah(SAW).
The following are the collection of Sahih (authentic) Hadith
regarding Mahdi.
Hadhrat Abdullah bin Mas'ood(RA)
reports from the
Prophet(SAW), who said:
|
The world will not come to pass until a man
from among my family, whose name will be my name, rules over
the Arabs. (Tirmidhi Sahih, Vol. 9, P. 74; Abu Dawud,
Sahih, Vol. 5, P. 207; also narrated by Ali b. Abi Talib,
Abu Sa'id, Umm Salma, Abu
Hurayra) |
The Prophet(SAW) said:
|
Allah will bring out from concealment
al-Mahdi from my family and just before the day of Judgment;
even if only one day were to remain in the life of the world,
and he will spread on this earth justice and equity and will
eradicate tyranny and oppression. (Musnad Ahmad Ibn
Hanbal, Vol. 1, P. 99) |
Hadhrat Ali(RA) narrates
that Rasulullah(SAW) said:
|
Even if only a day remains for Qiyamah to
come, yet Allah will surely send a man from my family who will
fill this world with such justice and fairness, just as it
initially was filled with oppression. (Abu
Dawood) |
Ali b. Abi Talib(RA) has
related a tradition from the
Prophet(SAW) who informed
him:
|
The promised Mahdi will be among my family.
God will make the provisions for his emergence within a single
night. (Ibn Majah, Sahih, Vol. 2, P.
519) |
Hazrat Umme Salmah(RA),
Prophet's wife, narrates that she heard the
Prophet(SAW) say:
|
The promised Mahdi will be among my
progeny, among the descendants of Fatima. (Abu Dawud,
Sahih, Vol. 2, P. 207; Ibn Majah, Sahih, Vol. 2, P.
519) |
Rasulullah(SAW)
announced:
|
The Mahdi will be of my family, of the
descendants of Fatima (the Prophet's daughter). (Sunan Ibn
Majah, Vol. 2, Tradition No.
4086) |
The Prophet(SAW) taught:
|
Al-Mahdi is one of us, the members of the
household (Ahlul-Bayt). (Sunan Ibn Majah, Vol. 2,
Tradition No. 4085) |
Abu Sa'id al-Khudari(RA)
narrated that the
Prophet(SAW) said:
|
Our Mahdi will have a broad forehead and a
pointed (prominent) nose. He will fill the earth with justice
as it is filled with injustice and tyranny. He will rule for
seven years. (Abu Dawud, Sahih, Vol. 2, p. 208; Fusul
al-muhimma, p. 275) |
Hadhrat Abu Saeed Khudri(RA)
relates that
Rasulullah(SAW) said:
|
Al Mahdi will be from my progeny. His
forehead will be broad and his nose will be high. He will fill
the world with justice and fairness at a time when the world
will be filled with oppression. He will rule for seven
years. |
Hadhrat Umme Salmah(RA)
narrates that
Rasulullah(SAW) said:
|
After the death of a Ruler there will be
some dispute between the people. At that time a citizen of
Madina will flee (from Madina) and go to Makkah. While in
Makkah, certain people will approach him between Hajrul Aswad
and Maqaame Ibraheem, and forcefully pledge their allegiance
to him.
Thereafter a huge army will proceed from
Syria to attack him but when they will be at Baida, which is
between Makkah and Madina, they will be swallowed into the
ground.
On seeing this, the Abdaals of Shaam as
well as large numbers of people from Iraq will come to him and
pledge their allegiance to him. Then a person from the
Quraish, whose uncle will be from the Bani Kalb tribe will
send an army to attack him, only to be overpowered, by the
will of Allah. This (defeated) army will be that of the Bani
Kalb. Unfortunate indeed is he who does not receive a share
from the booty of the Kalb. This person (Imam Mahdi) will
distribute the spoils of war after the battle. He will lead
the people according to the Sunnat and during his reign Islam
will spread throughout the world. He will remain till seven
years (since his emergence). He will pass away and the Muslims
will perform his Janazah salaat. (Abu
Dawood) |
The holy Prophet(SAW)
said:
|
A group of my Ummah will fight for the
truth until near the day of judgment when Jesus, the son of
Mary, will descend, and the leader of them will ask him to
lead the prayer, but Jesus declines, saying: "No, Verily,
among you Allah has made leaders for others and He has
bestowed his bounty upon them. (Sahih
Muslim) |
It is reported from Abu Hurayra(RA)
that the
Prophet(SAW) said:
|
What will be your reaction when the son of
Mary (Jesus) descends and your Imam is from among
yourselves? (Sahih Muslim, bab nuzul 'isa, Vol. 2;
Sahih Bukhari, kitab bad' al-khalq wa nuzul 'isa, Vol.
4) |
The holy Prophet(SAW)
said:
|
What would be your situation if the Son of
Mary (i.e. Jesus) descends upon you and your Imam is from
among you? (Bukhari, kitabul-Anbiya, Chapter Nuzul Isa
bin Maryam) |
According to these reliable, authentic, and universally accepted
narrations, Mahdi will:
- Be from among the family of
Prophet(SAW), among the
descendants of
Fatima(RA);
- Have a broad forehead and pointed noise;
- Appear in one night;
- Appear just before the day of judgment;
- Have same name as hazrat
Muhammad(SAW);
- Escape from Madina to Makkah where people will pledge
allegiance to him;
- Receive pledge and help of Iraqi people;
- Fight in battles;
- Rule over the Arabs for seven years according to Sunnah;
- Spread justice and equity on earth;
- Eradicate tyranny and oppression;
- Lead a prayer in Mekkah which
Jesus(pbuh) will follow
in;
- NOT be the same individual as the Promised
Messiah (Jesus).
The following narrations have been taken from books on which
there is no consensus among Muslim scholars. Their authenticity is in question:
The holy Prophet(SAW)
said:
|
The world will not come to an end until a
man from my family (ahl al-bayt), who will be called al-Mahdi,
emerges to rule upon my community. (Bihar al-anwar,
Vol. 51, P. 75; Ithbat al-hudat, Vol. 1, P.
9) |
Umme Salmah(RA), the
wife of the Prophet, has related a tradition of the
Prophet(SAW):
|
Mahdi will be among my progeny, among the
children of Fatima. (Bihar al-anwar, Vol. 51, P.
75) |
Rasullullah(SAW) said:
|
The world will not come to an end until a
man from the descendants of Hussain takes charge of the
affairs of the world and fills it with justice and equity as
it is filled with injustice and tyranny. (Bihar
al-anwar, Vol. 51, P. 66) |
Abu Sa'id al-Khudari(RA)
has related a tradition from the
Prophet(SAW) who declared:
|
The earth will be filled with injustice and
corruption. At that time, a man from among my progeny will
rise and will rule for seven or nine years and will fill the
earth with justice and equity. (Ahmad b. Hanbal,
Musnad, Vol. 3, P. 27) |
Abu al-Hujaf(RA) quotes
the Prophet(SAW) saying
three times:
|
Listen to the good news about the Mahdi! He
will rise at the time when people will be faced with severe
conflict and the earth will be hit by a violent quake. He will
fill the earth with justice and equity as it is filled with
injustice and tyranny. He will fill the hearts of his
followers with devotion and will spread justice
everywhere. (Bihar al-anwar, Vol. 51, P.
74) |
Ali b. Abi Talib(RA)
said, I asked the
Prophet(SAW):
|
"Is Mahdi going to be among our own family
or from some other?" He replied: "He will be among us. God
will conclude His religion through him, just as He began it
with us. It will be through us that people will find refuge
from sedition, just as it was through us that they were saved
from polytheism. Moreover, it will be through us that God will
bring their hearts together in brotherhood following the
animosity sown by the sedition, just as they were brought
together in brotherhood in their religion after the animosity sown by
polytheism." (Bihar al-anwar, Vol. 51, P. 84;
Ithbat al-hudat, Vol. 7, P. 191; Majma` al-zawa'id by `Ali b.
Abi Bakr Haythami (Cairo edition), Vol. 7, P.
317) |
I heard the Prophet(SAW)
declare from the pulpit:
|
The Mahdi from among my descendants, from
my family, will rise at the End of Time, while the heavens
will pour rain and the earth will bring forth green grass for
him. He will fill the earth with justice and equity as it is
filled with tyranny and injustice. (Bihar al-anwar,
Vol. 51, P. 74; Ithbat al-hudat, Vol. 7, P.
9) |
Abu Sa'id al-Khudari(RA)
narrated that
Prophet(SAW) said:
|
Severe calamity from the direction of their
ruler will befall my people during the Last Days. It will be a
calamity which, in severity, shall be unprecedented. It will
be so violent that the earth with injustice and corruption
will shrivel for its inhabitants. The believers will not find
refuge from oppression. At that time God will send a man from
my family to fill the earth with justice and equity just as it
is filled with injustice and tyranny. The dwellers of the
heavens and the earth will be pleased with him. The earth will
bring forth all that grows for him, and the heavens will pour
down rains in abundance. He will live among the people
for seven or nine years. From all the good that God will
bestow on the inhabitants of the earth, the dead will wish to
come to life again. (Ibn Hajar, al-Sawa'iq
al-muharriqa, P. 161; Yanabi' al-mawadda, Vol. 2, P.
177) |
Abu Hurayra(RA) narrated
on behalf of the
Prophet(SAW):
|
People will pay allegiance to the Mahdi
between rukn and maqam (in Mekkah). (Ibn Tawus, Kitab
al-malahim wa al-fitan, P.
64.) |
According to these hadith, Mahdi will:
- Be from the Family of
Prophet(SAW) and descend
from Hussain(RA), son of
Fatima(RA);
- Appear at the end of time;
- Appear when earth is filled with injustice and tyranny and
believers are severely oppressed;
- Appear when a severe earthquake will occur and green grass
will grow (presumably in Arabia);
- Fill the earth with justice and equity;
- Spread brotherhood, equity, and devotion among Muslims;
- Rule over Muslim community, according to Hadith, for
seven or nine years;
- Live and act with the qualities of the holy
Prophet(SAW).
The following are narrations not attribute to the Holy
Prophet(SAW) and only
represent second hand narrations attributed to companions of the
holy Prophet(SAW). Thus,
they are included only for completeness and are unreliable.
Ammar Yasir has related:
|
At the time when Nafs al-Zakiyya is killed
a caller from the heaven will say: 'Your commander is
so-and-so.' (announce Mahdi) Following it the Mahdi will
emerge and fill the earth with justice and equity. (Ibn
Tawus, Kitab al-malahim wa al-fitan, P.
179) |
Abd Allah b. Umar mentioned the name of Mahdi in the presence of
an Arab who said: Mahdi is Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan. Abd Allah said:
|
It is not as you say. Mahdi is a person
behind whom Jesus will offer his prayers. (Ibn Tawus,
Kitab al-malahim wa al-fitan, P.
179) |
Mujahid said about Mahdi:
|
One of the Prophet's companions told me
that the Mahdi will not appear until that time when Nafs
al-Zakiyya will be killed. At that time he will take the
command and will fill the earth with justice and
equity. (Ibn Tawus, Kitab al-malahim wa al-fitan, P.
171) |
Nufayl's daughter Umayra narrates that she heard Hasan b. Ali's
daughter saying:
|
This affair about which you are waiting
will not occur until among you some seek to distance
themselves from the others and curse each
other. (Majlisi, Bihar al-anwar, Vol. 52, P.
211) |
Salma b. Zafar reports that one day people were talking about the
appearance of the Mahdi in the presence of Hudhayfa. Hudhayfa said:
|
If Mahdi has indeed appeared while you are
living close to the Prophet's period and while his companions
are living among you, then you are truly fortunate. However,
that is not the case. Mahdi will not appear until people are
devoured by oppression and tyranny and there is no one absent
more beloved and more needed than him. (Kitab al-hawi
li al-fatawa, Vol. 2, P. 159) |
These narrations are based on opinion of single individuals and
are not reliable. However, they indicate that Mahdi might:
- Not appear until all Muslims are divided and curse each other
(i.e. no brotherhood);
- Appear when tyranny and oppression rule and no Muslim is free;
- Be announced by a voice from heavens;
- Fill the earth with justice and equity;
- Lead the prayer which
Jesus(pbuh) will
follow.
The following narration has not been attributed to the
Holy Prophet(SAW). It has
been identified as false and has been rejected by Muslim scholars
for centuries.
Amr son of Shamer quoted Jabir, who quoted Mohammed bin Ali to
have said:
|
For our Mahdi, there are two signs. Since the birth of Universe, these events have
never taken place. Those two signs are that there will be
Lunar Eclipse on the first night of Ramadhan and Solar Eclipse
in the middle of Ramadhan. (Dar-e-Qatni, Vol. 1,
P.188) |
Note:
This narration is not attributed to holy
Prophet(SAW), but
attributed to Mohammed bin Ali. No other person has substantiated
this statement attributed to Mohammed bin Ali.
Muslim scholars have always rejected this and other narrations
of Amr and Jabir, as both have been known to transmit unreliable
and forged narrations.
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